{"id":94,"date":"2006-01-25T22:04:55","date_gmt":"2006-01-25T20:04:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.muratakyildiz.com\/wordpress\/?p=94"},"modified":"2006-01-25T22:04:55","modified_gmt":"2006-01-25T20:04:55","slug":"faktnalizi-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.istatistik.gen.tr\/?p=94","title":{"rendered":"Fakt\u00f6r Analizi-2"},"content":{"rendered":"

A\u00e7\u0131mlay\u0131c\u0131 (ke\u015ffedici, exploratory) Fakt\u00f6r Analizi konusunda G\u00fclcan B\u00fcd\u00fc\u015f, Mine Demirci, \u015febnem \u0131lhan Agan ve Ramazan \u015f\u00fckr\u00fc Parmaks\u0131z’\u0131n haz\u0131rlad\u0131klar\u0131 yaz\u0131y\u0131 yaz\u0131n\u0131n devam\u0131nda okuyabilirsiniz. \"Image\" FAKT\u00d6R ANAL\u0131Z\u0131
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1. G\u0130R\u0130\u015e<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0131lk olarak 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda Spearman taraf\u0131ndan geli\u015ftirilen Fakt\u00f6r Analizinin yayg\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131, bilgisayar teknolojisinde 1970’li y\u0131llarda ya\u015fanan h\u0131zl\u0131 geli\u015fme ile m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilmi\u015ftir (Akt : B\u00fcy\u00fck\u00f6zt\u00fcrk, 2002). <\/span><\/p>\n

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Fakt\u00f6r analizi, alt\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fkenler seti olan ve fakt\u00f6r olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan genel de\u011fi\u015fkenin olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 bi\u00e7imidir. \u00c7ok say\u0131da de\u011fi\u015fkenle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak s\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 olabilir. E\u011fer de\u011fi\u015fkenler, ger\u00e7ekten daha genel bir de\u011fi\u015fkenin sadece farkl\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm de\u011ferleri ise, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmak ve basitle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in genel de\u011fi\u015fken de\u011ferleri olu\u015fturulabilir. S\u00f6z konusu teknik, ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00e7oklu ba\u011flant\u0131 probleminin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmesine de katk\u0131da bulunur. Fakt\u00f6r analizi, verilerin k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclt\u00fclmesi i\u015flemini g\u00f6r\u00fcr (\u00d6zdamar, 1996).<\/span><\/p>\n

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Fakt\u00f6r Analizi, birbirleriyle ili\u015fkili veri yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 birbirinden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z ve daha az say\u0131da yeni veri yap\u0131lar\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmek, bir olu\u015fumu, nedeni a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131klar\u0131 varsay\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fkenleri gruplayarak ortak fakt\u00f6rleri ortaya koymak, bir olu\u015fumu etkileyen de\u011fi\u015fkenleri gruplamak, maj\u00f6r ve min\u00f6r fakt\u00f6rleri tan\u0131mlamak amac\u0131yla ba\u015fvurulan bir y\u00f6ntemdir (\u00d6zdamar ve Din\u00e7er, 1987).<\/span><\/p>\n

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Fakt\u00f6r analizine ortak boyutlar saptanarak, boyut indirgeme ve ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n <\/span>yok <\/span>edilmesi <\/span>y\u00f6ntemidir <\/span>denilebilir (Tav\u015fanc\u0131l, 2002). <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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Fakt\u00f6r analizi, bir\u00e7ok de\u011fi\u015fkenin birka\u00e7 ba\u015fl\u0131k alt\u0131nda toplanmas\u0131 tekni\u011fidir. Mesela, bir ankette 100 madde olsun. S\u00f6z konusu anket sonucunda deneklerin; s\u00f6zel, matematiksel ve analitik kabiliyetleri de\u011ferlendirilmek istenmi\u015ftir. Fakt\u00f6r analizinin uygulanmas\u0131 suretiyle, s\u00f6z konusu kabiliyetlerin her birisi i\u00e7in bir “fakt\u00f6r skoru” elde edilebilir. Analiz, \u00fc\u00e7ten daha az veya daha fazla birbirinden farkl\u0131 fakt\u00f6r\u00fcn olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r (\u00d6zdamar, 1996).<\/span><\/p>\n

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Fakt\u00f6r analizi, birbiriyle ili\u015fkili \u00e7ok say\u0131da de\u011fi\u015fkeni bir araya getirerek az say\u0131da kavramsal olarak anlaml\u0131 yeni de\u011fi\u015fkenler (fakt\u00f6rler, boyutlar) bulmay\u0131, ke\u015ffetmeyi ama\u00e7layan \u00e7ok de\u011fi\u015fkenli bir istatistiktir (B\u00fcy\u00fck\u00f6zt\u00fcrk, 2005).<\/span><\/p>\n

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Fakt\u00f6r analizi, bir fakt\u00f6rle\u015ftirme ya da ortak fakt\u00f6r ad\u0131 verilen yeni kavramlar\u0131 (de\u011fi\u015fkenleri) ortaya \u00e7\u0131karma ya da maddelerin fakt\u00f6r y\u00fck de\u011ferlerini kullanarak kavramlar\u0131n i\u015flevsel tan\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 elde etme s\u00fcreci olarak da tan\u0131mlanmaktad\u0131r (B\u00fcy\u00fck\u00f6zt\u00fcrk, 2005).<\/span><\/p>\n

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Daniel’e (1983) g\u00f6re fakt\u00f6r analizi, bir grup de\u011fi\u015fkenin kovaryans yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 incelemek ve bu de\u011fi\u015fkenler aras\u0131ndaki <\/span>ili\u015fkileri, fakt\u00f6r olarak isimlendirilen \u00e7ok daha az say\u0131daki g\u00f6zlenemeyen gizli de\u011fi\u015fkenler bak\u0131m\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131klamay\u0131 sa\u011flamak \u00fczere d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f bir tekniktir. Rennie (1997) ise, Fakt\u00f6r analizini, maksimum varyans\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klayan az say\u0131da a\u00e7\u0131klay\u0131c\u0131 fakt\u00f6re (kavrama) ula\u015fmay\u0131 ama\u00e7layan ve g\u00f6zlenen de\u011fi\u015fkenler aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkileri temel alan bir hesaplama mant\u0131\u011f\u0131na sahip analitik bir teknik olarak tan\u0131mlamaktad\u0131r (Akt.B\u00fcy\u00fck\u00f6zt\u00fcrk, 2002).<\/span><\/p>\n

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Fakt\u00f6r analizinin ad\u0131mlar\u0131; <\/span><\/p>\n

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